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Tobesofkee Creek is a 〔U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. (The National Map ), accessed April 21, 2011〕 river in Georgia. It originates near Barnesville and flows roughly southeast across Lamar, Monroe, and Bibb counties to join the Ocmulgee River south of the city of Macon. A dam on this stream forms Lake Tobesofkee. ==History== After 1670 the Lower Creek Trading Path, which linked Creek towns on the Chattahoochee River to the English colonial town of Charlestown, crossed Tobesofkee Creek. The river has been called by several names in the Muskogee language, spoken by Creek Indians. The earliest recorded name is ''Togosohatchee''. In 1776 William Bartram recorded the river's name as ''Tobosochte''.〔John H. Goff, ''Placenames of Georgia: Essays of John H. Goff'', ed. Francis Lee Utley and Marion R. Hemperley (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2007), 37-38. ISBN 978-0-8203-3129-4〕 The meaning of the name ''Tobesofkee'' is unclear, although it appears to contain the word ''sofkee'', a hominy dish that is considered the forerunner of grits. The name was first recorded in the 1790s by Benjamin Hawkins, the United States agent to the Creek Indians, who spelled it variously as ''Tobosaufkee'', ''Tobe saufe ke'', and ''Tobesauke''.〔 In his 1905 study of U.S. place names, Henry Gannett derived the stream's name (which he spelled "Tobesofka") from the supposed fact that "an Indian lost a dish of meal while crossing it."〔Henry Gannett, ''(The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States )'', United States Geological Survey Bulletin No. 258, 2nd ed. (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1905), 301.〕 William A. Read later translated the name as meaning "sofkee stirrer," from ''atapa'' (tool for stirring) and ''safki'' (corn gruel).〔William A. Read, "Indian Stream-Names in Georgia," ''International Journal of American Linguistics'' 15 (2) (1949): 128-132.〕 Historian John Goff criticized Gannett's interpretation as "open to doubt" and concluded that, with the available historical sources, "it would be mere speculation to attempt to translate Tobesofkee."〔 Apparently, throughout the many decades, when Caucasian academicians sought to propose a meaning for Tobesofkee, no one thought of asking the Creek Indians. The Georgia Creek Indian word, ''topv-safke'', refers to a hut that was commonly erected in most Creek villages and towns. 〔Martin, Jack B. & Mauldin, Margaret M.(2000) "A Dictionary of Creek/Muskogee. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press; p. 122.〕 Within the small building was a hearth and a large pot filled with sofkey, a form of corn hominy grits mixed with meats, vegetables and flavorings. Visitors, travelers and hunters could arrive at the community at any time of day or night and satisfy their hunger, free of charge. It was essentially a "hospitality booth" that was an integral part of Georgia Creek Indian traditions. There is no letter B in the Creek alphabet. The Creek "P" sound was often interpreted by English and French speakers as their letter B. Between 1963 and 1967 the U.S. Soil Conservation Service and the Bibb County Commission built a series of dams on Tobesofkee Creek to form flood control reservoirs, including Lake Tobesofkee and the Javors Lucas Reservoir, also known as "Little Lake Tobosofkee." The Lake Tobesofkee Recreation Area opened in 1969, and private developers built and sold lakefront houses over the following decades. By the turn of the 21st century Lake Tobesofkee was considered one of the most heavily fished lakes in Georgia.〔S. Heather Duncan, ("Report urges expanding size of 16 Georgia reservoirs," ) ''Macon Telegraph'', 18 November 2008; Kevin Dallmier, ''Fishing Georgia: An Angler's Guide to More Than 100 Fresh- and Saltwater Fishing Spots'', 2nd ed. (Guilford, Conn.: Lyons Press, 2007), 220.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tobesofkee Creek」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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